Payments Academy

Cheques and Paper Instruments

D01 Foundations of money and payments · 7 lessons

Version 1.0 | Last reviewed 2026-11-05

Paper instructions, clearing and the pull model

Cheques and paper instruments: paper instructions, the cheque clearing process and the pull model.

What You Can Do After This Chapter

Learning objective. Learner explains what a cheque is, the main cheque types, the four-corner model, image-based clearing and bounce handling, and describes payment systems modernisation with the Canada example and the GBP 4,750 worked example.

Practical assessment. Learner receives a case where a UK small business pays a supplier GBP 4,750 by crossed account payee cheque, then traces the four-corner flow, the image-based clearing timeline over two working days, and the bounce path with fees and legal recourse. Learner also compares on-us and cross-bank payments, explains push versus pull, and summarises the Canada modernisation in a short note.

Expected deliverables.

Completion criterion. Learner traces the GBP 4,750 cheque through the four-corner model and image-based clearing, explains bounce handling and on-us versus cross-bank settlement, and describes the Canada modernisation accurately.

In this chapter
  1. What a Cheque Is and Why Cheques Still Exist
  2. Types of Bank Cheques
  3. The Four-Corner Model for a Cheque Payment
  4. Cheque Clearing: Physical, Image-Based Truncation and Timelines
  5. When a Cheque Bounces
  6. Payment Systems Modernisation: The Canada Example
  7. On-Us Transactions, Intrabank Groups, Push vs Pull Revisited

Start Lesson 1: What a Cheque Is and Why Cheques Still Exist →