Payments Academy

Liquidity Management

D07 Clearing, settlement and liquidity · 7 lessons

Version 1.0 | Last reviewed 2026-11-05

Learner manages intraday liquidity, explains funding sources, queues, and gridlock, and calculates a bank liquidity position from opening balance, inflows, outflows, and reserves. Learner applies this skill in realistic banking scenarios, with clear examples and correct terminology throughout.

Liquidity management in banking: how banks fund payments through the day, manage queues and avoid gridlock.

What You Can Do After This Chapter

Learning objective. Learner manages intraday liquidity, explains funding sources, queues, and gridlock, and calculates a bank liquidity position from opening balance, inflows, outflows, and reserves. Learner applies this skill in realistic banking scenarios, with clear examples and correct terminology throughout.

Practical assessment. Learner receives an opening balance of 50,000,000 dollars, scheduled inflows of 30,000,000 dollars, and outflows of 65,000,000 dollars, and calculates the intraday position at three times of day, flagging the shortfall hour. Learner then recommends three actions to cover the shortfall, including queue management, collateral use, and borrowing, with the amount each action covers. Learner submits all work with sources, calculations, and assumptions stated clearly, and reviews the result against the chapter checklist before submission.

Expected deliverables.

Completion criterion. Learner calculates the position at all three times correctly, identifies the shortfall hour, and proposes actions that together cover the full shortfall amount. Completion is judged on accuracy, completeness, and clear written explanation throughout.

In this chapter
  1. Why Liquidity Is the Lifeblood of Settlement
  2. Intraday Liquidity and Central Bank Accounts
  3. Liquidity Saving Mechanisms and Queuing
  4. Gridlock and How Systems Resolve It
  5. Liquidity Pools and Shared Arrangements
  6. Central Bank Facilities and Collateral
  7. How Banks Manage Liquidity Day to Day

Start Lesson 1: Why Liquidity Is the Lifeblood of Settlement →